Got Nerve Pain? Learn the pros and cons of the best nerve support supplements in the U.S.
Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that affects nearly 20 million people in the United States at some point in their life.
Neuropathy is the result of damage to nerve cells outside of the brain and spinal cord. When this damage occurs, the signaling pathways between the brain and body are disrupted, which confuses the brain into sending mixed messages to the rest of the body.
These mixed messages result in neuropathic symptoms such as numbness, motor weakness, loss of vibratory sensation, and even pain in different parts of the body.
There is no cure for neuropathy currently though there are multiple treatment options available. Most treatments aim at controlling symptoms rather than curing the underlying problem. Prescription drugs are often prescribed for controlling pain but can have unwanted side effects, especially in long term use.
Below, we will review the 11 best nerve health supplements that might help you get some relief.*
Fortunately, there has been abundant research on the efficacy of natural vitamins, minerals, herbs, and supplements for treating neuropathic symptoms. Nutraceuticals formulated to treat neuropathy contain many of these beneficial ingredients and can provide natural relief for neuropathic patients.
Natural supplements can be a safer, non-habit forming alternative remedy to prescription drugs for neuropathy. In this list of 11 best nerve health supplements for neuropathy relief in 2023, we have included 11 quality supplements based on certain criteria.
We’ve researched every supplement product mentioned and decided they stood out from all the rest. If you’re eager for a natural treatment for neuropathy, check out our list of top 11 best nerve health supplements for neuropathy relief.
Nervive Nerve Relief capsules are made from natural vitamin supplements including B complex vitamins, alpha lipoic acid, and natural supplements turmeric and ginger extracts.
Nervive’s Nerve Relief product’s formula is based on Proctor and Gamble’s (P&G) Neurobion brand which has been sold as a natural nerve relief supplement for over 50 years. Natural changes in nerve health with age may lead to occasional aches, weakness, and discomfort.
Nervive Nerve Relief helps to relieve symptoms of nerve pain due to aging. The brand claims customers will see results within 14 days of taking the supplement daily. The natural ingredients in Nervive Nerve Relief have been shown to improve nerve discomfort symptoms by up to 50% after just 4 weeks.
Nervive Nerve Relief is available for purchase at 4 major retailers including Amazon.com, Walgreens, Walmart, and CVS Pharmacy. At only $20 per bottle of 30 capsules, Nervive Nerve Relief is an economically smart way to treat occasional neuropathy discomfort.
Nervive Nerve Relief Main Ingredients:
Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine hydrochloride)
Thiamin (as thiamin mononitrate)
Vitamin B12 (as cyanocobalamin)
Alpha lipoic acid
Nerve Relief Herbal Blend of Turmeric (curcuma longa) rhizome extract & Ginger (Zingiber officinale) root extract
Key Highlights:
Results in 2 weeks
50% reduction in nerve pain symptoms after just 4 weeks
Based on formula of P&G 50-year-old nerve relief product
Available at major retailers
Affordable option for nerve pain relief
Nerve Regen by Pure Health Research is made from quality natural ingredients that are scientifically proven to support nerve health. The ingredients in Nerve Regen help to reduce discomfort, rebuild myelin insulation, improve small nerve function, and damper hyperactive nerve signals.
The formula is packed full of antioxidants that help to protect your nerves from oxygen depreciation, oxidative stress, and further damage. Nerve Regen helps to ease itchy, irritated, or swollen skin due to neuropathy. It can also help to calm overactive nerves, promote and accelerate nerve regeneration, improve Nerve Scores and TSS (Total System Scores), protect blood vessels, and increase brain blood flow and nutrient delivery.
Nerve Regen is available on the brands website, purehealthresearch.com, as well as Amazon.com. At $49 a bottle with 60 capsules, Nerve Regen is moderately priced. As a bonus, when you purchase a bottle of Nerve Regen from Pure Health Research, a portion of proceeds are donated to Vitamin Angels, a charity support program that provides vitamins and nutrients to disadvantaged women and children.
Nerve Regen Ingredients:
Vitamin D (as cholecalciferol)
Riboflavin
Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine HCI)
Vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin)
Benfotiamine
R-Alpha lipoic acid (from Bio-Enhanced RLA)
Oat straw extract
Passionflower herb extract
Baical skullcap root extract
Key Highlights:
Helps to ease multiple symptoms of neuropathy
Contains antioxidants to protect nerves from oxidative stress and oxygen deprivation
Natural quality ingredients
Moderately priced
Available at major retailer Amazon.com
Each purchase helps to support a charitable foundation
NeuropAWAY by Vaso Corp is a patented formula designed to target the cause of neuropathic pain in the hands, arms, legs, feet, sciatic nerve, head, and neck. It combines key ingredients like Taurine and B-Alanine, to improve blood supply to damaged nerves. Increased blood flow helps to increase conduction velocity and eliminate mixed nerve signals.
NeuropAWAY relieves burning, tingling, and numbness symptoms associated with Neuropathy. Taurine, one of the main ingredients in NeuropAWAY, has been shown to support neurological development, nerve function, and healthy cells in diabetic eyes.
B-Alanine is a key ingredient in NeuropAWAY not found in any other nerve support supplement. B-Alanine supports circulation and binds to and excites peripheral nerves.
NeuropAWAY is highly accessible as it can be found in major retailers such as Walmart, Kroger, Dillons, and Amazon.com. However, at $24.99 per bottle of 60 capsules with a recommended dosage of 2 capsules 2-3 times daily, you will go through a bottle quickly. NeuropAWAY can also be found in powder form.
NeuropAWAY Ingredients:
Vitamin B12
Taurine
Acetyl-L-Carnitine
L-Citruline
B-Alanine
R-Alpha lipoic acid
Key Highlights:
Patented formula for nerve pain relief
Unique key ingredients that support nerve function
Highly accessible
Not the most economical
Also available in powder form
Nerve Control 911 by Phytage Labs is made from all natural herb supplements including marshmallow root and passionflower, which help support the central nervous system. Neuropathy can sometimes cause involuntary twitching or jerking movements due to a mix up of nerve signals.
The all-natural ingredients in Nerve Control 911 are said to help with muscle control of voluntary movements and reflexes. Additionally, the makers of the product claim it can assist with visual perception, reduce inflammation, lower anxiety, and blood pressure, and relieve insomnia.
Nerve Control 911 is a daily dietary supplement that is safe for both men and women. However, it is not recommended to pregnant women and youth under 18. At $69.95 per bottle of 60 capsules, it’s on the pricier end as far as supplements go. It can be found on Amazon.com as well as their company website.
Nerve Control 911 Ingredients:
Passionflower herb
Marshmallow root
Corydalis powder
Prickly pear
California poppy seed
Key Highlights:
Helps with involuntary muscle spasms/twitching
All natural herb ingredients
Works with the central nervous system to lower anxiety and blood pressure
On the pricier side at $69.95 per bottle
Not recommended for pregnant women and youth
Neurazenx by Zen Nutrients is an all-in-one nutraceutical that contains 20 pharmaceutical grade vitamins, minerals, herbs, and supplements. Each ingredient was carefully chosen and backed by science to support nerve health and relieve painful symptoms of neuropathy.*
Neurazenx contains a higher dosage of alpha lipoic acid (1200 mg as opposed to the 600 mg most other nerve pain relief supplements contain) than most leading nerve pain relief supplements. Alpha lipoic acid contains strong antioxidant properties that have been shown to delay and reduce diabetic peripheral neuropathy.* Neurazenx may help to alleviate nerve damage symptoms as well as promote nerve cell regeneration.*
The potent ingredients in Neurazenx are both non-GMO and vegan. Neurazenx is a non-habit forming, safe pain-relieving remedy to other pain relieving prescription drugs.* At $29.99 per bottle of 120 capsules, Neurazenx is an affordable supplement. Neurazenx can be purchased on Zen Nutrients’ website as well as on Amazon.com.
Neurazenx Ingredients:
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Folate
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B12
Magnesium
Alpha lipoic acid
Benfotiamine
Acetyl-l-carnitine
Organic turmeric root powder
L-Arginine
Moringa oleifera powder
Oatstraw Extract
Feverfew herb extract
Passionflower herb powder
Chinese skullcap
Inositol
Key Highlights:
20 pharmaceutical grade high potent ingredients
All natural vitamins, herbs, minerals, supplements
Higher alpha lipoic acid dosage (1200mg)
Non-GMO and vegan
Best Overall Price Per Capsule
Nuturna Neuroturna capsules contain 18 potent ingredients that work together to preserve nerve health and alleviate neuropathy symptoms. Neuroturna contains many of the same natural vitamins, minerals, supplements, and herbs as Neurazenx, including 600 mg of alpha lipoic acid.
The supplement comes in varying strengths available for purchase depending on your needs. Neuroturna is non-habit forming and safe for use for most people. It’s available on Amazon as well as on Nuturna’s website for $44.97 for 120 capsules, or a 30-day supply. Nuturna also carries the Neuroturna formula in a topical cream as well as an oral sleep aid.
Neuroturna Ingredients:
Alpha lipoic acid
Thiamine as benfotiamine
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Vitamin D
Acetyl L-carnitine
Magnesium
Curcumin
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
Organic turmeric root
Organic cassia bark
Feverfew herb
Riboflavin
Oatstraw extract
Chinese skullcap
Passionflower herb
Magnesium
Key Highlights:
18 potent ingredients proven to promote nerve health
Moderately priced
Available in varying strengths
Non-habit forming
Nervala by Barton Nutrition contains two main ingredients, alpha lipoic acid and benfotiamine. Both ingredients work together to reduce inflammation throughout the body, fight off free radicals, and support the immune system. Alpha lipoic acid is a powerful antioxidant that protects the nerve cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals.
It also helps in “cooling down” the nerves to keep the nervous system from “overheating”. When the nervous system is no longer overheated, it can function properly and work on repairing damaged cells.
Benfotiamine is necessary for proper nerve function and for providing the cells with energy to perform their roles in the body. Benfotiamine is the lab made version of vitamin B1 or thiamine. It’s more easily absorbed into the body, making it more effective for nerve pain than thiamine or vitamin B1. Nervala is promoted as being most helpful for relieving pain in diabetic neuropathy, likely due to its strong anti-inflammatory properties. Nervala is on the pricier side at $67 per bottle for 30 capsules.
Nervala Ingredients:
Benfotiamine
Alpha lipoic acid
Key Highlights:
Works by reducing inflammation throughout the body
Fights off free radicals
“Cools down” the nervous system
Good for diabetic neuropathic pain
Nerve Renew relieves symptoms of neuropathic pain by combining the most effective ingredients in the most effective dosages. When you consume vitamins and minerals (especially in supplement form) there is only so much your body can absorb at one time. Less potent or poor-quality supplements are less likely to be absorbed and used by the body.
Nerve Renew was formulated to be the most effective for absorption, therefore better able to deliver much needed nutrients to your nerve cells. The powerful formula helps to maintain open micro blood vessels, nourish nerve fibers, and promote the function of the nervous system.
Because it is rich in potent vitamins, it may also give you a natural energy boost. Additionally, Nerve Renew contains antioxidant rich ingredients that reverse and prevent oxidative damage to the nerve cells.
Nerve Renew Ingredients:
Vitamin D (as cholecalciferol)
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine HCI)
Vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin)
Benfotiamine
Stabilized R-alpha lipoic acid
Feverfew extract
Chinese skullcap
Passionflower herb extract
Oat straw herb extract
Key Highlights:
Quickly absorbing ingredients
Improves neuropathy symptoms by delivering proper nutrients to nerve cells
Can increase energy naturally
Antioxidant rich ingredients
$69 a bottle for one month supply
Nerve Rejuv is a neuropathy supplement specifically targeted towards older adults who suffer from neuropathic pain. Though Nerve Rejuv can work for younger adults as well, older adults are more prone to nerve damage due to their age.
Nerve Rejuv is formulated with natural vitamins and supplements to relieve minor pain and discomfort caused by neuropathy. Nerve Rejuv works by supporting healthy nerve endings and promoting a healthy inflammatory response in the body.
The scientifically backed ingredients have been shown to promote circulation, regenerate nerve cells, and reduce inflammation. Nerve Rejuv may help you maintain an active lifestyle by relieving painful neuropathy symptoms associated with exercise. Each ingredient in Nerve Rejuv is tested for potency and purity for safety and quality control. It sits on the higher end of neuropathy pain relief supplements at $69 a bottle.
Nerve Rejuv Ingredients:
B-Complex vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12)
Alpha Lipoic Acid
Acetyl-l-carnitine
Turmeric root
Passionflower
Chinese skullcap
Feverfew
Key Highlights:
Targeted towards older adults (though anyone can take it)
Best for minor aches and pains associated with neuropathy
Reduces inflammation and supports nerve endings
Nervexol is a natural supplement that can reduce symptoms of neuropathy including numnbess, tingling, and burning. It also helps to support nerve linings and reduce stress. Nervexol contains a key, unique ingredient called calamarine. Calamarine is a type of deep-sea squid found near the coasts of South Africa that is rich in fatty Omega-3 acids including EPA and DHA. Omega-3 fatty acids help to support brain and joint health.
A healthy functioning brain can reduce symptoms of neuropathy by allowing the nervous system to function properly, therefore lowering neuropathic pain. Additionally, calamarine may also help with sleeping disorders and allow for a painless, peaceful night’s sleep.
Nervexol’s other natural ingredients help to preserve nerve health and provide antioxidant benefits. Nervexol sells for $69 a bottle for a one-month supply. However, Nervexol contains gelatin and brown rice flour meaning it may not be suitable for those with specific dietary needs.
Nervexol Ingredients:
B-Complex vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12)
Vitamin D3
R-alpha lipoic acid
Coenzyme Q-10
Omega-3 fatty acids (calamarine)
Passionflower
California poppy
Corydalis
Key Highlights:
Unique Ingredient Omega-3 fatty acids
Supports brain health
Supports healthy nervous system
Promotes sleep
Not suitable for those with specific dietary needs
Clinical Strength Neuropathy 900 is the second Nuturna product on our list. Like the other Nuturna supplement on our list, Neuropathy 900 contains key ingredients like L-carnitine, L-arginine, organic turmeric root, and other herbal and plant extracts.
Each ingredient has been proven to reduce symptoms of neuropathy and pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Most of the supplements are of clinical strength, meaning they are dosed to provide the most effectiveness in treating neuropathy symptoms.
The ingredients in Neuropathy 900 are also beneficial in boosting the immune system and fighting off infections and disease. Additionally, it contains the most potent dosage of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) than other nerve health supplements on this list. ALA has been shown to play an important role in managing neuropathy symptoms, especially pain.
Clinical Strength Neuropathy 900 Ingredients:
Alpha lipoic acid
Thiamine as benfotiamine
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Vitamin D
Acetyl L-carnitine
Magnesium
Curcumin
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
Organic turmeric root
Organic cassia bark
Feverfew herb
Riboflavin
Oatstraw extract
Chinese skullcap
Passionflower herb
Magnesium
Key Highlights:
Clinical strength supplement dosages
Highest dosage of ALA
Available at major retailers and on Amazon.com
Great for immune system health
Treating neuropathy is easier when you better understand the condition and how it affects you. We thought it important to include these guides in this article for people who are not seeing results from nerve health supplements alone. Neuropathy supplements are most effective when combined with a treatment plan that involves taking other actions. Below are two nerve pain guides for treating neuropathy we found most helpful.
Neuropathy No More by Jodi Knapp, is an eBook nerve pain guide that teaches people how to manage their nerve pain through making lifestyle changes. The guide explains certain health protocols to take to help with managing neuropathy pain.
Many of the different health protocols involve managing stress as a way to reduce neuropathy symptoms. It also details how diet can play a role in neuropathy and which foods can affect nerve pain and offer relief. Neuropathy No More teaches readers exactly what neuropathy is and what causes it.
Readers will learn how to use natural remedies and nutrition to fight neuropathy and resolve and manage symptoms. The treatment program advocates for a healthy lifestyle to make most neuropathic symptoms disappear. The author is so confident that her treatment plan works that she offers a money back guarantee if you do not see results. The only downside to this treatment method is that it requires time, patience, and work to change your lifestyle.
Key Highlights:
Detailed information on understanding neuropathy
Contains health protocols for managing symptoms
Teaches you diet changes that affect nerve health
Natural way to treat and resolve neuropathy symptoms
Takes time, patience, and work to see results
Neuropathy Revolution contains seven holistic strategies for treating neuropathy due to diabetes and chemotherapy.
The guide explains how different neurotoxins found in our environment and many of our food choices can contribute to neuropathy symptoms. It also stresses the importance of controlling blood sugar for diabetic induced neuropathy and overall health.
Like Neuropathy No More, Neuropathy Revolution stresses a healthy lifestyle is the key to beating your painful neuropathy symptoms. The book also stresses that this is not a quick fix treatment and will take healthy lifestyle changes to see and feel results.
Key Highlights:
Explains how toxins in environment and food contribute to neuropathy
Contains 7 holistic steps for fight neuropathy
Stresses the importance of blood sugar control for diabetic neuropathy
Not a quick fix for symptom relief
Not all supplements are created equal. Dietary supplements are not FDA regulated, meaning any brand can claim their products are effective. As a consumer, you must be hypercritical of supplement products as they are not always what they claim to be.
We chose these 11 best supplements for neuropathy based on the following criteria: ingredients and formula, doses, transparent labeling, honest promotion, reputation of the brand, and expense.
There has been thorough research on neuropathy and the different vitamins, minerals, and supplements that have a positive effect on nerve health. We chose these brands for their utilization of only the most researched and proven effective ingredients.
We also looked for supplement brands that used only natural ingredients in their formula. Many supplements contain sneaky added ingredients like sugars and allergens. Most of these supplements are free of any added ingredients. Although you should always check the label before consuming to be sure you are not allergic to any of the ingredients.
Getting the correct dosing for supplement ingredients is just as important as the ingredients themselves. The most effective vitamins, minerals, and supplements for neuropathy will only work if they are provided in the correct amount. We chose these supplement brands for providing the correct clinical doses of each ingredient for maximum strength and effectiveness.
Consumers should be wary of supplement companies who are vague about the ingredients and details of their product. We chose companies who had only the most transparent labeling and detailed information about their product. A supplement company should always be open about their ingredients and manufacturing process. If they’re not, they are likely hiding something.
Many supplement brands will claim their products work wonders, when in actuality they don’t work at all. Because dietary supplements are not regulated, brands can make whatever claims they want. The 11 best supplements for neuropathy on our list are from brands who we believe to promote honest and realistic results backed by scientific evidence.
We chose each of the 11 best supplements for neuropathy largely based on the reputation of the brand. We only chose brands that used Good Manufacturing Practice, manufactured their products in FDA registered labs, or conducted third party testing on their products to ensure purity and quality of ingredients. Companies will display these badges and certificates on the website for consumer awareness. If a supplement company does not display them, they do not follow these standards.
Many of these 11 best supplements for neuropathy were formulated by or under the advice of a team of medical doctors, naturopathic doctors, pharmacists, and certified nutritionists. A medical advisory board ensures the product is dosed correctly for effectiveness and strength and cross checked with other ingredients for any potential harmful side effects.
The expense of each of the 11 best supplements for neuropathy was also a consideration. We tried to find products that ranged in price and what value they provided for that price. We found supplements for neuropathy that we believe fits everybody’s budget.
The vitamins, minerals, herbs, and supplements on our list supplement products for neuropathy were all chosen for their effectiveness. These ingredients are backed by scientific research and studies that prove their effectiveness. Below are some of the most common ingredients used in the 11 best supplements for neuropathy and why they’re effective.
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a powerful antioxidant that protects nerve cells from oxidative stress and prevents further damage to cells caused by oxidative stress. In studies, ALA has been proven to reduce pain and stabbing-like feeling in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Studies were conducted over five weeks on patients giving varying dosing of ALA oral supplements. The results showed that 600 mg of ALA proved to show the optimum risk to benefit ratio. However, the same study showed that even at just 300 mg, ALA increased blood flow and reduced overall inflammation in the body.
B vitamins such as vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 are necessary for a functioning central nervous system. B vitamins are responsible for many other biological functions and contribute to the body’s overall health. Deficiency in B vitamins can lead to the development of neuropathy. Treating neuropathy with B vitamins has been shown to reduce symptoms, especially the “pins and needles” like sensation.
Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) is a clinical form of carnitine, an amino acid produced by the body. This chemical is found in nearly every cell of the body and is critical for turning fat into energy and stimulating the central nervous system. ALC has been shown to be beneficial in alleviating painful symptoms, and improving nerve fiber regeneration and vibration perception in people with diabetic neuropathy.
Glutamine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body. Studies show that oral glutamine is beneficial in reducing peripheral neuropathy symptoms caused by chemotherapy treatment. Glutamine may play a neuroprotective role due to the upregulation of nerve growth factor. In studies involving cancer patients with peripheral neuropathy due to high-dosages of the drug paclitaxel, oral glutamine supplementation reduced numbness, dysesthesias, motor weakness, and loss of vibratory sensation.
Magnesium is a natural mineral that plays a crucial role in over 300 enzyme systems in the body, including nerve function. Magnesium has been shown to be highly beneficial in reducing pain in patients with diabetic and peripheral neuropathy as well as neuropathy due to chemotherapy treatment. Though the exact reason why magnesium is beneficial for treating neuropathic symptoms is unclear, the evidence clearly indicates its effectiveness.
Neuropathy occurs when nerve cells outside of the brain and spinal cord become damaged either due to traumatic injuries, metabolic problems, diabetes, alcoholism, infections, exposure to toxins, or inherited disorders.
Damage to nerve cells can disrupt nerve signaling from your brain to the rest of your body. When this communication is destroyed, your brain gets confusing impulses, which can result in neuropathy symptoms like numbness, tingling, and pain.
The most common symptoms of neuropathy are numbness, tingling ( a “pins and needles” like sensation), and a stabbing-like pain in the hands and feet, though these symptoms can occur in any part of the body.
In more severe cases of neuropathy, people may experience loss of motor control or lose their sense of vibratory sensation. Sometimes neuropathy may result in paralysis of certain body parts depending on which nerves are affected.
Polyneuropathy results when multiple nerve cells are affected or damaged, while mononeuropathy is when only a single nerve cell is affected. Symptoms of mononeuropathy are generally less severe than in cases of polyneuropathy.
No, there is no cure for neuropathy but there are multiple options available to treat symptoms of the disease. The first step in treating neuropathy is to determine the cause of neuropathy. For example, in cases of neuropathy caused by nutrient deficiency or diabetes, neuropathy may disappear once the underlying cause is treated or cured.
In more severe cases of neuropathy or cases where there is no known cause, treatment is aimed at providing relief for symptoms and preventing further damage.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a type of neuropathy that can occur because of prolonged repetitive movements. Years of repetitive motion can cause damage to the nerves, resulting in neuropathy. Manual laborers or factory workers who work long hours doing the same type of motion or movement are most at risk for developing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
There are over 100 different types of neuropathies but only one of them is inherited. Neuropathy can occur for different reasons to all different kinds of people.
Neuropathy can be painful depending on the severity of your neuropathy symptoms. Everybody experiences neuropathy differently due to the cause of the condition, which nerves are affected, and how the brain signals are disrupted. Many people may experience a stabbing-like pain that comes and goes throughout the day. Other people may only experience a numbness or tingling feeling.
The number one cause of neuropathy is diabetes. It is estimated that more than half of people diagnosed with diabetes will also succumb to neuropathy at some point in their life.
Neuropathy is a common condition that affects men and women at every age. It can be caused by a multitude of reasons or have no known cause at all. There is no cure for neuropathy currently, but treatment options exist for managing symptoms. Nerve health supplements offer a natural treatment option for neuropathy symptoms, but not all supplements are created equal.*
The top 11 best nerve health supplements for neuropathy relief were chosen based on criteria including efficacy and science backed research. Neuropathy is complicated and can sometimes be debilitating. Natural supplement treatments may help to manage your symptoms and restore normalcy to your daily life.*
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.